Historically dubbed “tree of life,” Arborvitae (Thuja spp.) is an evergreen conifer with scale-like needles and a notably dense growth habit. They range in size from compact globe forms to towering screens, suiting many landscape designs. American arborvitae adapts well to colder regions, whereas western red cedar prefers milder climates with ample moisture. Most cultivars thrive in moist, well-drained soil and require minimal intervention once established.
Arborvitae stands out with its dense, evergreen foliage and exceptional tolerance to a range of growing conditions. It retains its rich green color throughout winter, providing year-round structure and beauty. Its naturally narrow, conical shape makes it ideal for smaller spaces, and it requires minimal pruning to maintain its form. With a natural resistance to pests and diseases, arborvitae is a reliable choice for both novice and experienced gardeners seeking low-maintenance greenery.
This hardworking evergreen is commonly used as a living privacy screen or windbreak due to its dense growth habit. Smaller varieties work well in foundation plantings, adding height and texture to the landscape. Arborvitaes can also be planted in containers to frame entryways or create vertical accents on patios. When grouped strategically, they can define spaces or guide pathways, making them a flexible element in any garden design.
Types of Arborvitae (Thuja)
Type
Scientific Name
Native
Habit
Zones
Uses
Features
American Arborvitae (Eastern/Northern White Cedar)
Thuja occidentalis
N.E. U.S., E. Canada
Variable; can be globe-shaped, pyramidal, columnar, or weeping forms
3–7 (often listed 4–7)
Hedges, windbreaks, privacy screens
- Tolerates cold climates well
- Prone to deer browse
Western Red Cedar (Giant Arborvitae)
Thuja plicata
Pacific Northwest
Tall, conical/columnar with horizontal to slightly drooping branches
5–7
Ornamental, timber tree
- Fast-growing (2–3 ft/year) and less hardy than T. occidentalis
- Struggles in hot, humid regions
- Aromatic, reddish-brown bark
Arborvitae Care
Planting arborvitae requires well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH for optimal growth. These evergreens prefer full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Consistent watering is essential, especially during the first year, to establish a robust root system. Overwatering should be avoided as it can lead to root rot. For best results, use a slow-release fertilizer in spring to encourage healthy development.
Pruning arborvitae is best done in early spring or late summer to maintain shape and prevent overgrowth. Winter care involves mulching the base to protect roots from freezing temperatures, and preventing snow damage by tying up branches if necessary. Arborvitaes can be grown in containers, as long as pots are large and well-draining; monitor soil moisture closely in summer. Container-grown plants may need additional winter protection at the colder end of their growing range.
Plants that go well with arborvitae are shade tolerant low growing shrubs and perennials and even groundcovers. Here are our favorite plants to grow with arborvitae.
