Most animals will not seek out a Willow, but they may nibble on one if they are hungry and other food sources are scarce. Deer and rabbits are the most likely culprits that eat these shrubs. Willows are deciduous, and their lack of foliage during the winter typically protects them from foraging animals. There are plenty of preferred food sources available during the spring and summer when Willow shrubs have leaves. New, softwood growth in the spring may be tempting for rabbits.
According to Rutgers University this plant is Occasionally Severely Damaged on their rating scale from Rarely Damaged to Frequently Severely Damaged. Willows are unlikely to sustain significant damage from deer or rabbits, but it is possible. These shrubs are fast-growing, so they will likely recover quickly from damage.
Keeping Deer Away From Willow
Protect a Willow shrub from foragers like deer by locating the plant inside a fenced-in yard. Deer are skilled at jumping over fences, but the physical barrier may be enough of a deterrent to keep them away. Plant the shrub close to your home or an area you frequent, like a patio or a walkway to a shed or garage. The presence of people may be enough to keep deer away.
Will Willow Come Back After Deer Eat Them?
Willow shrubs are vigorous growers likely to bounce back if eaten by deer. Minor damage is unlikely to cause lasting harm. The shrub may need a year or two to recover from significant damage. Prune damaged growth and apply fertilizer to help a Willow shrub recover from foraging animals.
Sources: Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station ‘Landscape Plants Rated by Deer Resistance’ 2018