Bluestem grass refers to two species: little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii). Little bluestem is much smaller than big bluestem and is ideal for containers and edging garden borders and pathways. Big bluestem can reach 6 feet high and punctuates gardens with height and color. Both grasses range in color from blue-green in the summer to pinks and red-bronze in the fall.
Bluestem grasses, including little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), are native prairie species known for their adaptability to various soil conditions, such as dry, poor, clay, gritty, sandy, and average soils. Both grasses display notable color transitions, shifting from cool blue-green in summer to coppery or reddish tones in autumn. These warm-season grasses form upright clumps that flower in the summer and go dormant from late fall to winter. Their extensive, fibrous root systems make them effective for dry sites and erosion control on slopes and ravines.
These native grasses play various roles in landscape design, from bold focal points to textural mass plantings. Big Bluestem suits larger spaces as a screening element or tall backdrop, while Little Bluestem integrates well into borders or meadow-inspired groupings. The airy foliage provides movement in the garden and pairs especially well with pollinator-friendly perennials. For the best results, situate bluestems in full sun and well-drained soil, then allow the spent stems to remain through winter for added structure and habitat.
Bluestem Grass Care
Bluestem grasses prefer full sun and adapt to various soil types, including sandy, clay, and gritty soils, but avoid poorly drained areas. Plant with the crown slightly above soil level and water well during the first growing seasons to establish roots. Once established, they are drought-tolerant but benefit from occasional watering in dry spells. Fertilization is rarely needed; a light application of balanced fertilizer in spring suffices if soil tests show deficiencies.
Prune in early spring by cutting back last year’s growth to encourage new shoots. These grasses are winter-hardy to zone 3 but may need mulch in colder climates for extra protection. For container growth, choose well-draining pots slightly larger than the root ball and fill with a loose potting mix. Water when the soil feels dry, and use diluted fertilizer in spring to maintain healthy growth.
Growing Zones: 3 to 9
